Which component contributes to the F-35's STOVL capability?

The F-35's STOVL (Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing) capability is primarily attributed to the lift-fan engine. This advanced propulsion system allows the aircraft to perform vertical takeoffs and landings, which is essential for operating from shorter runways and confined spaces, such as those found on naval vessels. The lift-fan is positioned behind the cockpit and works in conjunction with the vectoring nozzle of the jet's main engine. During takeoff and landing, the lift-fan generates additional upward thrust, enabling the aircraft to rise vertically or take off at a short distance.

The design and functionality of the lift-fan are critical because they provide the necessary thrust-to-weight ratio needed for STOVL operations while maintaining the aircraft's stealth and combat capabilities. This makes the F-35 uniquely suited for missions where traditional runways might not be available.